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ČSN EN ISO 24014-1 This document gives guidelines for the development of multi-operator/multi-service interoperable public surface (including subways) transport fare management systems (IFMSs) on a national and international level. This document is applicable to bodies in public transport and related services which agree that their systems need to interoperate. This document defines a conceptual framework which is independent of organizational and physical implementation. Any reference within this document to organizational or physical implementation is purely informative. This document defines a reference functional architecture for IFMSs and establishes the requirements that are relevant for ensuring interoperability between several actors in the context of the use of electronic tickets. The IFMS includes all the functions involved in the fare management process, such as: - management of media, - management of applications, - management of products, - security management, and - certification, registration, and identification. This document defines the following main elements: - identification of the different sets of functions in relation to the overall IFMS and services and media from non-transport systems which interact with fare management systems; - a generic model of an IFMS describing the logical and functional architecture and the interfaces within the system, with other IFMSs and with services and media from non-transport systems; - use cases describing the interactions and data flows between the different sets of functions; - security requirements. This document does not define: - the technical aspects of the interface between the medium and the medium access device; - the data exchanges between the medium and the medium access device; NOTE - The data exchanges between the medium and the medium access device are proposed by other standardization committees. - the financial aspects of fare management systems (e.g. customer payments, method of payment, settlement, apportionment, reconciliation).